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Łódź
Łódź ( (); (イディッシュ語:לאדזש), ''Lodzh''; , () 〔http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lodz Merriam-Webster online.〕 () or ()) is the third-largest city in Poland. Located in the central part of the country, it had a population of 742,387 in December 2009. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is approximately south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of canting: depicting a boat. It alludes to the city's name which translates literally as "boat."
==History==
Łódź first appears in the written record in a 1332 document giving the village of ''Łodzia'' to the bishops of Włocławek. In 1423 King Władysław II Jagiełło officially granted city rights to the village of ''Łódź''. From then until the 18th century the town remained a small settlement on a trade route between the provinces of Masovia and Silesia. In the 16th century the town had fewer than 800 inhabitants, mostly working on the surrounding grain farms.
With the second partition of Poland in 1793, Łódź became part of the Kingdom of Prussia's province of South Prussia, and was known in German as ''Lodsch''. In 1798 the Prussians nationalised the town, and it lost its status as a town of the bishops of Kuyavia. In 1806 Łódź joined the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw and in 1810 it had approximately 190 inhabitants. After the 1815 Congress of Vienna treaty it became part of the Congress Kingdom of Poland, a client state of the Russian Empire.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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